Turbocharger

A turbocharger is a supercharger that uses energy provided by engine exhaust gases.
When the engine is running, exhaust gases pass through the exhaust manifold to rotate the turbocharger turbine wheel at high speeds.
This rotation force in turn rotates the compressor wheel installed to the same shaft at high speeds to suck in and compress air, which is then fed to the cylinders.
Because turbochargers feed densely compressed air into a constant cylinder volume, they enable a higher output to be obtained than would be possible for an engine with the same displacement.
Also, if the supply pressure becomes excessively high, the wastegate actuator opens the wastegate valve via a rod to allow some exhaust gases to escape directly to the muffler without having to pass through the turbine wheel. This enables a constant supply pressure to be maintained.